What Is Ocular Melanoma?
When most people hear the word “melanoma,” they think of skin cancer. However, melanoma can also develop in the eye. Known as 
ocular melanoma, this condition is a rare but potentially serious form of eye cancer that affects the cells producing pigment inside your eye. While it’s not as common as other types of cancer, ocular melanoma is the most common eye cancer in adults.
Understanding how this cancer forms and what symptoms to watch for can help you take control of your eye health. At Valley Eyecare Center, our optometrists are here to detect early warning signs and guide you through the next steps if needed.
Where Does Ocular Melanoma Develop?
Ocular melanoma usually forms in the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. These areas contain melanocytes — the same pigment-producing cells found in your skin. Less commonly, melanoma can develop on the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white of your eye and inside your eyelids.
Because ocular melanoma often develops in parts of the eye that aren’t visible, it can be difficult to detect without a comprehensive eye exam.
Symptoms of Ocular Melanoma
In its early stages, ocular melanoma may cause no noticeable symptoms, making regular eye exams essential. As the disease progresses, you may experience:
- Blurred or distorted vision
- A dark spot on the iris or white of the eye
- Flashes of light or “floaters”
- A change in the shape of the pupil
- Loss of peripheral vision
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek prompt evaluation from an eye care professional.
Who Is at Risk for Eye Melanoma?
Ocular melanoma can affect anyone, but certain factors may increase your risk, including:
- Fair skin and light eye color (blue or green)
- Age over 50
- Excessive UV exposure (especially without eye protection)
- Genetic mutations or family history of melanoma
- Wearing sunglasses with 100% UVA and UVB protection can reduce your risk, along with staying current on eye exams.
How Is Eye Cancer Diagnosed and Treated?
During a comprehensive eye exam, your optometrist may use dilation, imaging, and ultrasound technology to detect abnormalities inside the eye. If ocular melanoma is suspected, you may be referred to an ocular oncologist for further testing.
Treatment options depend on the size and location of the tumor and may include:
- Radiation therapy
- Laser treatment
- Surgical removal of the tumor or eye (in advanced cases)
- Ongoing monitoring for slow-growing melanomas
Early detection greatly improves outcomes, making routine eye exams essential—even if you don’t have symptoms.
Prioritize Your Eye Health
While ocular melanoma is rare, it’s a reminder that the eyes are just as vulnerable to cancer as other parts of the body. At Valley Eyecare Center, we’re committed to helping our patients catch issues early through state-of-the-art diagnostics and personalized care.
If it’s been over a year since your last exam, don’t wait. Schedule your comprehensive eye exam today and take an important step toward protecting your vision and your overall health.
